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Neuschwanstein Castle ((ドイツ語:Schloss Neuschwanstein), , (英語:"New Swanstone Castle")〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Bayerische Schlösserverwaltung - Neuschwanstein Castle - Tourist info )〕) is a nineteenth-century Romanesque Revival palace on a rugged hill above the village of Hohenschwangau near Füssen in southwest Bavaria, Germany. The palace was commissioned by Ludwig II of Bavaria as a retreat and as an homage to Richard Wagner. Ludwig paid for the palace out of his personal fortune and by means of extensive borrowing, rather than Bavarian public funds. The palace was intended as a personal refuge for the reclusive king, but it was opened to the paying public immediately after his death in 1886. Since then more than 61 million people have visited Neuschwanstein Castle. More than 1.3 million people visit annually, with as many as 6,000 per day in the summer. The palace has appeared prominently in several movies and was the inspiration for Disneyland's Sleeping Beauty Castle and later, similar structures. ==Location== The municipality of Schwangau lies at an elevation of at the south west border of the German state of Bavaria. Its surroundings are characterized by the transition between the Alpine foothills in the south (toward the nearby Austrian border) and a hilly landscape in the north that appears flat by comparison. In the Middle Ages, three castles overlooked the villages. One was called ''Schwanstein Castle''.〔(ドイツ語:Burg Schwanstein) literally translates as ''Swanstone Castle''.〕 In 1832, Ludwig's father King Maximilian II of Bavaria bought its ruins to replace them with the comfortable neo-Gothic palace known as Hohenschwangau Castle. Finished in 1837, the palace became his family's summer residence, and his elder son Ludwig (born 1845) spent a large part of his childhood here. ''Vorderhohenschwangau Castle'' and ''Hinterhohenschwangau Castle''〔Vorderhohenschwangau Castle ((ドイツ語:Burg Vorderhohenschwangau)) and Hinterhohenschwangau Castle ((ドイツ語:Burg Hinterhohenschwangau)) were collectively referred to as ''Hohenschwangau Castle'' ((ドイツ語:Burg Hohenschwangau)). Confusingly, the neo-Gothic palace built by Ludwig's father is known in English under the same name; in German it is called ''Hohenschwangau Palace'' ((ドイツ語:Schloß Hohenschwangau)). An approximate literal translation of ''Hohenschwangau'' is ''High Swan District'', but ''Gau'' refers to a large unforested area. The prefixes ''Vorder-'' and ''Hinter-'' identify "front" and "back" of the ensemble.〕 sat on a rugged hill overlooking Schwanstein Castle, two nearby lakes (Alpsee and Schwansee), and the village. Separated only by a moat, they jointly consisted of a hall, a keep, and a fortified tower house. In the nineteenth century only ruins remained of the twin medieval castles, but those of Hinterhohenschwangau served as a lookout place known as ''Sylphenturm''. The ruins above the family palace were known to the crown prince from his excursions. He first sketched one of them in his diary in 1859. When the young king came to power in 1864, the construction of a new palace in place of the two ruined castles became the first in his series of palace building projects.〔 Ludwig called the new palace ''New Hohenschwangau Castle''; only after his death was it renamed ''Neuschwanstein''. The confusing result is that Hohenschwangau and Schwanstein have effectively swapped names: Hohenschwangau Castle replaced the ruins of Schwanstein Castle, and Neuschwanstein Castle replaced the ruins of the two Hohenschwangau Castles. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Neuschwanstein Castle」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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